Characteristics of Hadith Studies in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This study aims to determine the characteristics of hadith studies in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study indicates that the study of hadith in Indonesia in particular and the study of Islamic studies, in general, are currently leading to digital scientific studies and development. The pandemic situation in the last two years that has changed the pattern of life from traditional to digital has further strengthened digitalization in Islamic science, especially the study of hadith. Thematic studies of hadith still dominate hadith studies during the pandemic. Hadith researchers have shifted from the tendency to write about studies on the development of Indonesian hadith towards studies related to the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of hadith as a form of sensitivity and concern for pandemic conditions in Indonesia. Four hadith thematic study articles respond to the current pandemic situation. This research is qualitative-descriptive-analytic by making scientific e-articles about hadith on the Moraref portal as the object of study.


INTRODUCTION
The study of hadith in Indonesia should receive attention and an important position in Islamic studies in Indonesia. 1 Since the first, hadith experts have always contributed to maintaining the authenticity of hadith literature 2 because hadith has a very important role in understanding Islamic teachings and culture. 3 In addition, the hadith is a second source of law that functions as an interpreter and explanation of the Qur'an 4 because in terms of sources, both are revelations. 5 Both are revealed to be a way of life in all situations and conditions. Ironically, when referring to the research of Azyumardi Azra 6 and Ramli Abdul Wahid,7 the facts show that the study of hadith in Indonesia is very static and undeveloped. However, Ramli corrected the previous thesis and emphasized the recent rapid progress in the study of hadith in Indonesia. 8 It is confirmed by Anggoro 9 , Hasep Saputra 10 , and Darmalaksana, who provide evidence of significant developments in the study of the living Quran and Hadith 11 .
Currently, the study of hadith has entered the era of digitalization. 12 To respond to it, the Ministry of Religion established an academic portal named Moraref, which contains 2737 PTKI journals, with 79,596 article titles that can be accessed online to make it a reference for the Islamic world literature (https://moraref.kemenag.go. id/pages/about/). It facilitates the dissemination of Islamic knowledge, both in the form of deepening and scientific integration. 13 The year 2020 was the year the pandemic began in Indonesia after, for the first time, Indonesia announced a positive case of Covid-19 in March 2020. 14 About a year later, the government started a vaccination program, to be precise, in the early years of 2021 marked by vaccinations carried out to president Jokowi. 15 Several times ago, Covid-Tsunami was happening in India 16 . It led to many speculations stating that the pandemic could be even longer and will end in the next one to two years at the latest, given the emergence of new variants of the mutated virus.
The Covid-19 pandemic has caused excessive anxiety both to the general public and to teenagers. 17 This pandemic 'forces' the government to campaign for a new lifestyle known as the 'new normal. 18 As a consequence of this new lifestyle, people are forced to migrate from traditional and manual lifestyles to digital patterns by using the internet. 19 Covid-19 has changed the lifestyle and order of life in Indonesia and the world in various fields; educational, economic, social, and religious fields. Researchers from various scientific fields have responded and contributed to handling the Covid-19 pandemic from various perspectives.
Meanwhile, Yuesti focuses on reviewing from a financial literacy perspective 25 . In religion and Islamic studies, they also respond to the pandemic situation, as in the view of faith and thought 26 , Islamic law 27 , fiqh 28 , fatwa analysis 29 , maqashid al-shariah 30 , and interpretation of the Qur'an and hadith 31 . These efforts are the efforts of Islamic studies researchers to provide solutions through the paradigm of humanization of Islamic sciences 32 , and the study of hadith is in it.
From the studies that have been conducted, it appears that there is behavior shifting during the pandemic from 'offline' to 'online,' especially in the field of education. All academics in various fields try to analyze the phenomena that occur during the pandemic in their perspectives and put them into articles in various online journals. Based on this, this paper tries to answer specifically; How do hadith researchers respond to the Covid-19 pandemic? And what are the characteristics of hadith studies in e-articles during this pandemic? E-journal articles in the moraref academic portal database of the Ministry of Religion have a lot of data and pattern information that can be researched. The many hadith articles in this portal are spread across hundreds of religious journals, forming a data collection 33 . This data set can be processed into useful information.

METHOD
This research is a library. It makes the library source the main data (primary) in conducting research and then analyzing it. The method used is content analysis. 34 The sources of data in this study consist of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are articles on the study of hadith contained in a collection of e-journals on the moraref portal of the Ministry of Religion.
The majority of the data collected in this study is in the form of e-papers. The steps taken in data collection are by conducting e-paper through the search menu on the Moraref portal with the keywords "hadis", "hadith", "hadits", "hadist", "sunah", and "sunnah". After searching the academic texts relevant to the research, the text should be downloaded and collected in the zotero reference application. The data collected is limited from 2020-2021 (the last two years), because the object is the study of hadith during the pandemic. After collecting data on Zotero, the data was analyzed for its content and then classified and categorized according to the research theme into several folders. This e-article is then divided into several categories according to the classification attributes in the form of a table with specific attributes.
The data from the literature study are then presented as research findings. The findings are then abstracted to be displayed as facts. These facts are analyzed by mapping and classification analysis and interpreted to produce new information as a result of research in useful new knowledge.

DISCUSSION
This study obtained data in the form of a collection of e-articles in the journal index on the Moraref portal in the last two years on hadith studies. The data is then collected and classified according to the theory and theme of the modern hadith science branch in the Zotero application. Furthermore, it is processed and by providing detailed attributes to determine the characteristics of each article.
The attribute is the name of the journal of the article, the author of the article, the year of publication, and the characteristics of the study theme (category).

No
Hadith  Indonesia still study thematic studies or understanding of hadith during and before the pandemic.
The study of living hadith, which was predicted to develop, did not experience a significant increase.
Of the 58 articles collected, there are 26 thematic studies or studies of hadith understanding. From the thematic study, it was found that four articles or if they were presented as a percentage there were 15% of thematic hadith studies that responded to and discussed the This article concludes that the phenomenon of rejecting the bodies of Covid-19 cannot be justified because the Prophet never rejected corpses due to the plague. Even according to the hadith, they have the privilege of being martyrs in the afterlife. The solution to the rejection of the corpse is to continue to manage the corpse following the health protocol that has been implemented by the government which is reinforced by the MUI fatwa to avoid all harm. In his writings, Sari tries to provide evidence from the hadith that the rejection of some people against bodies infected with Covid-19 cannot be justified from the perspective of what was practiced by the Prophet.
From these four articles, hadith researchers have tried to respond from the perspective of communication of traditions used as the basis for the MUI's fatwa in the procedures for handling Covid-19 bodies, design thinking of health protocols in religious rituals, reviewing the history and responses of Muslim scholars in documenting and handling the pandemic in its time to be used as a pattern for the next generation, and also providing a response from the perspective of hadith to the phenomenon that is not appropriate in society in terms of rejecting the body of Covid.
The response of hadith researchers in Indonesia to the situation and conditions in the world regarding the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia, is written in e-articles. It is in line with the characteristics of Islam as rahmatan lil 'alamin and shalih li kulli zaman wa makan which must contribute to a solution in various situations and conditions, including in the Covid-19 pandemic situation.
The findings of this study show the development and dynamics of hadith studies during a pandemic in the era of digitalization of scientific work as it is today. So that subsequent hadith researchers can find out the trend of hadith studies during a pandemic by determining the studies that still have opportunities to be researched, what trending themes, and what topics have been abandoned by hadith researchers and Islamic studies in the pandemic and post-pandemic era.
Academically, this research is proof that the study of hadith in Indonesia is progressing and dynamic, breaking the notion that hadith studies seem static, rigid, and even tend to be textual. This paper is also a meaningful reference and guide in developing contemporary hadith studies and their characteristics in Indonesia through e-articles/e-journals. In addition, it motivates researchers, researchers, and academics to write scientific papers and publish them in e-journals so that ideas and discoveries can be disseminated to other academics (dissemination of knowledge).

CONCLUSION
Thematic hadith studies and hadith understanding still dominate the characteristics of hadith studies in Indonesia during the pandemic and post-pandemic. It is following previous research which showed almost the same thing. The category of orientalism hadith studies experienced a significant decline which only amounted to two articles. The development category of Indonesian hadith studies, which in previous studies received a hefty portion, was not found during this pandemic. Thematic hadith studies and hadith understandings occupy the first position with a total of 26 articles. Apart from thematic studies and understanding of hadith, it also gets quite high attention in terms of studying the thoughts of hadith figures; 13 articles discuss this.
There are ten articles on hadith science, while there are three articles on living hadith, even though hadith research is expected to be more integrated with other sciences through this study of living hadith.
Some researchers of hadith studies have sensitivity in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic by writing articles that correlate to the pandemic issue. Each article covers a different topic. Aulia discussed the communication pattern of the Covid-19 pandemic hadith in the MUI fatwa. Darmalaksana offers a design thinking approach for religious ritual events. Qudsy focuses on studying the literature of hadith experts who discuss pandemics in Ibn Hajar's book as a case study. Sari tries to analyze the phenomenon of rejection of corpses in several places in Indonesia from the perspective of hadith.
It is time for hadith research to be more directed towards technological developments in response to advances in its era. The science of hadith is not considered a very rigid and rigid field of science. In addition, hadith researchers must be more responsive and sensitive to conditions and phenomena in society and the environment.